Showing posts with label Stem cell. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Stem cell. Show all posts

Sunday, June 2, 2013

Regenerating And Reconstructing The Human Body

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Research and experimentation in the fields of cloning, genetics, stem cell research, gene mapping, electromagnetism, organ transplantation, nanotechnology, cellular biochemistry, catalytic synergists and cellular programming (as well as 3D programming) are bringing the Human species closer and closer to the real possibility of regenerating and reconstructing all or individual parts of the Human body.

This is not AI (artificial intelligence), bionics, robotics, or transhumanism -- this is reconstruction of what had existed before either disease or injury created loss of a bodily part or key function. This is restorative technology, at its most Human.

Following is an interesting and thought-provoking article excerpted from The BigThink IdeaFeed Newsletter:

GENETICS
Gene Therapies Add Promise to Regenerative Medicine
Regenerative medicine, which seeks to regrow lost or damaged human body parts ranging from patches of skin to entire limbs, may prove especially promising given recent advances in genetic therapy.
READ NOW

Some ideas and projections from sources used by The Global Futurist Blog regarding anticipated developments in this area follow. Incidentally - If you are asking me to predict when the entire reconstruction of the whole Human body will indeed be possible, all I could offer up is the conservative and largely intuitive estimate of between 35 and 55 years:
As always, thank you so much for reading me, and for forwarding and sharing my articles through your social media platforms and groups with your associates, colleagues and connections.

Douglas E. Castle







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Tuesday, January 24, 2012

Regrowth And Regeneration Of Limbs - New Frontiers

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It is a tragedy when an individual loses a limb. Medical research has focused on the areas of robotics, prosthetics, rehabilitation and compensating devices to provide, in some fashion for these losses. We've all heard tragic stories of "phantom limb pain," months and years of therapy and  destruction of lives, careers and relationships because of these losses, whether due to amputation (in the case of diabetes for example), war injuries, atrophy (muscular and neurological) and congenital deformities.

The ideal solution, of course, is to be made physically and functionally whole again. This would not be an ungainly workaround -- it would be a direct solution.
Please read the article which follows (from several weeks ago, but still desperately relevant) and continue to read my commentary for THE GLOBAL FUTURIST, which appears afterwards. An amazing future may be possible, and we should look at its possibilities and opportunities now.

####
BigThink Weekly Newsletter:

How to Regrow a Limb

Megan Erickson on January 4, 2012, 12:00 AM

What's the Big Idea?

The loss of a human limb is a tragedy. We know that once they’re gone, mammalian arms and legs can't ever be restored. But if you cut off a salamander's leg - or tail - it will reappear in just a few weeks. The enigma of amphibian organ regeneration has puzzled scientists since it was first recorded by Aristotle, reaching its strangest and most scientifically-accepted heights in the 1700’s, when Voltaire decapitated a snail just to see if the head would grow back. (It did.)

Now, a new generation of longevity-seekers hopes to apply the power of amphibians like the salamander, the axlotl, and the worm to human medicine. Sonia Arrison, policy analyst and author of 100 Plus, believes that tissue engineering will revolutionize the treatment of chronic illnesses: “In the future, if we had the ability to grow a brand new heart or parts of hearts with that person’s very own adult stem cells, then when we know that they have heart disease, we could just replace the heart. All of those [costly] visits to the hospital, all of the drugs, won’t be required.” Better tools will enable us to repair people rather than just sort of patching them up for a little while until they get sicker and sicker, she says.

What's the Significance?






This idea is more practical than it sounds. Over the past few decades, scientists have begun to understand exactly how the regeneration process works in nature. When a salamander is injured, a clump of cells called a blastomea forms at the site of the wound. Like embryonic stem cells, the blastomea are especially plastic. These cells are then triggered to de-differentiate and re-initiate growth. (Debate remains over whether they're fully pluripotent, meaning that they have the ability to form any type of tissue, or whether the cellular dynamics merely have to be reprogrammed, as in recent studies by Doug Melton of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute.)

The trick, of course, is applying this knowledge to human anatomy. Arrison explains, "Since we all evolve from the same place, humans must have a set of genes that can allow for growing back new limbs - it’s just that they’re 'turned off' right now ." If we could figure out how to turn them back on, or to add new genes based on the salamander model, then it could be possible to create new organs from scratch. In fact, one of the biggest spenders in this story is the Pentagon, which has put at least $250 million in to the search to find a way to create new human organs in the lab.

“They’re funding work in terms of growing all sort of organs - bladders and windpipes and hearts and lungs, livers," says Arrison, "but also in hopes of figuring out how to regrow arms and legs" for soldiers wounded in combat. Thanks to this influx of public money, the field has moved forward much quicker than it would have otherwise. So far, researchers have succeeded growing hearts, livers, breast tissue, and bone in the lab. The brain remains elusive - but Arrison is optimistic: "The brain is much tougher than other organs in the human body, but work is moving along."

There are, however, two things that she's worried about. The first is that technology won’t move quick enough for those alive today. "We’ve made a lot of progress in terms of reverse engineering the human code, we’ve made a lot of progress in tissue engineering and gene therapy, but it’s that we still have a ways to go." she says. The second is that, if we do see organ regeneration applied to medicine, the distribution of benefits like faster healing and increased longevity will be inequitable: 
How long will the gap be between the wealthy getting it and the poor getting it? Because we’re already starting from a point of inequality. If you look around the world, life expectancy in Monaco in the South of France is around 90 years. Life expectancy in Angola is around 38 years. That’s like a 50-plus gap of an entire lifetime, really. And then within the United States, there’s a pretty decent gap as well. An Asian-American woman living in New Jersey has a life expectancy of around 91 years. A Native-American man living in South Dakota has a life expectancy of about 58 years.
There's already a fifty year difference in what it's like to be rich and poor in the world, which may or may not be alleviated by technology, she says, depending on how we choose to use it.

####


Observation, Conjecture And Commentary:

Putting aside, for a moment, the issues of longevity and its correlation to wealth and exogenous environmental or situational variables, let's look at where we might start to be looking (and investing resources):

1) Studying and developing cellular plasticity - observing how certain cells, each equipped with a full complement of the organism's DNA, can assume different functions to compensate for the loss of other cellular functions;

2) Studying and developing stem cell research - where "basic cells" can be "influenced" or "instructed" to become specialized in certain ways. Either outside of the body, or appended to the body, these initially amorphous cells can "learn" to become the necessary parts or assume the needed functions;

3) Studying electromagnetic and electrochemical forces which can cause regeneration based upon (these are highly theoretical reasons) an activation of new growth from the "root" or "remnant" of an old limb, or through a stimulation of the electronic "framework" of the body as it would be if whole to create new growth through completion of the blueprint. I personally believe that the greatest possibilities lie in the notion of regeneration chambers or similar devices -- the mystery is precisely what force stimulates completion/construction of the body to duplicate its complete blueprint.

Douglas E Castle for THE GLOBAL FUTURIST


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Wednesday, December 28, 2011

5 Giant Industry And Techno-Trends: The Global Futurist

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Drawing from a variety of sources during the course of these past four weeks, I've distilled the information I've gathered regarding major trends (industries and technologies) down to my favorite five, each of which which I believe is going to be booming during the next five years, and each of which warrants careful observation, as well as some business and investment planning. But, of course, I do not offer any investment, financial, legal, health or tax advice.

One thing that all of these giant industry and technological trends have in common is that they are each already significantly underway. They are all gaining momentum. Quickly.
---------------

1. Nanotechnology, Nanotubes And Cardiovascular Pipecleaning.

Big Think Daily Ideafeed 15 October 2011
BIOTECH REVOLUTION
Microscopic Robots in Your Bloodstream
Engineers have used carbon nanotubes to create artificial muscle that moves like an elephant's trunk, which could be used to propel microscopic nanobots through the bloodstream.
READ NOW



2. Stem Cells, Computers and LIFE.

Researchers grow partial pituitary gland using stem cells

Japanese researchers used embryonic stem cells to grow partial pituitary glands, then transplanted the tissue in the kidneys of mice without pituitary glands. The transplanted tissue returned hormone levels to normal, according to the study published in Nature. The initiative is part of a worldwide effort to grow complete organs in a lab setting using stem cells. The Guardian (London) (12/4)...

And there's much more:

Bone_ss

What's the Latest Development? [From BigThink's Idea Newsletter] - Computer Printer-Assisted Bone Regrowth.


3D printers have been used to create bone-like material which researchers say could aid in repairing injuries. The new material would act like scaffolding, promoting the growth of new cells and then dissolve away with no ill-effects. Professor Susmita Bose, who helped carry out the work at Washington State University, has been at work on the material for four years. A breakthrough came recently when she found a way to double the strength of the main ceramic powder—calcium phosphate—by adding silica and zinc oxide.

What's the Big Idea?

Within just a few years, doctors could use the printing technique to custom-order replacement of bone tissue. "Tests carried on immature foetal bone cells in the laboratory found that new bone cells started growing over the scaffold within the first week of it being attached." Dr. Bose predicts that within a decade or two, doctors will be able use artificial bone from 3D printers as scaffolds, along with bone growth factors, to repair anything from a broken jaw to a broken spine.

Photo credit: shutterstock.com



3. Video Surveillance, Mobile Tracking and RFID
  • Malls use cellphone location data to track shoppers
    Malls in California and Virginia have begun using cellphone signals to track the locations of shoppers. The malls use the tools to triangulate shoppers' locations based on their cellphone signals as part of a trial that runs through the end of the year. Forest City, which owns the malls, says it is not collecting any data that could identify a shopper, though experts say the data could be paired with other sources of information to target offers. Some experts, however, have raised questions about the legality of such tracking. Ars Technica (11/26)


4. An Increase In The Number Of Prisons, Prisoners, Privatization Of Facilities, And Incarceration-Related Employment - Prisons Are One Of The Largest Domestic Growth Industries In The USA.

Prison Nation


December 21, 2011 by


Prison Nation
PHOTOS.COM
There are more than 2.3 million people in American prisons.
America has come to be more like North Korea than the America our fathers grew up in. The United States is not a country descending into totalitarianism. Totalitarianism, the police state, is here.

According to a recent study in the journal Pediatrics and reported in USAToday, one in three Americans will be arrested by the time they are 23. That’s up from 22 percent of youths that age 44 years ago.

Crimes leading to arrest in this age group range from truancy and vandalism to shoplifting and underage drinking to assault and murder. Criminologist Megan Kurlychek told the newspaper that localities handled many minor offenses more informally 40 years ago than they do now.

“Society is a lot less tolerant of these teenage behaviors,” she said.

In fact, it’s not just teenage behaviors society is not tolerating. Now elementary school children are charged with sexual assault over innocent hugs and kisses and assault when they get into fights on school grounds.

And with drug laws criminalizing possession of as little marijuana as a seed or stem, it’s easy to understand why there are more than 2.3 million people in American prisons.

According to a 2008 study by the Pew Center on the States, one in 100 Americans is behind bars. For blacks, the statistics are staggering. One in 15 black men aged 18 or older is behind bars. For blacks ages 20 to 34, the number is one in nine. Black women are three times more likely to be incarcerated than white women.

America’s rate of incarceration far outpaces countries like South Africa and Iran. For every 100,000 Americans, 750 are in jail. In Germany the rate is only 93 per 100,000.

In America, people can be fined and/or imprisoned for simply taking raw milk across State lines, selling “unapproved” rabbits, or uprooting a plant or draining a pond on their own property.

Now, Congress has passed and the President has signed legislation that designates America a battlefield in the War on Terror and subjects Americans to indefinite incarceration without a hearing.

Face it: America is now a prison Nation. And with America’s penchant for militarism and her people’s fondness of orators, Herr Hitler would feel right at home. ####
---------------
The profits and possibilities for companies in the building and management of prisons are promising. They'll be job opportunities for returning soldiers, retired law enforcement, and some local, but otherwise unskilled labor. And demand will continue to expand as the "Nation Of Regulation, Litigation And Incarceration" -- that's the United States...Land of the free/ Home of the brave -- continues to try to fuel a failing economy and an ever-increasing draconian system of punishment by A) locking up non-violent offenders and destroying families [leading to more crime] and B) giving non-productive jail-based jobs to anybody who is still outside of the prison (and is not an escapee) after the evening's lockdown.



5. Electroshock, Direct Computer-Brain Interaction And Virtual Reality To Enhance Learning Ability, Accompanied By A Renewed Interest In Subliminal Entrainment.

The following article excerpt appears courtesy of a slightly-dated but highly-relevant edition of BigThinks's Daily IdeaFeed. The article was every bit as stimulating (pun intended) as the slightly-Frakensteinian notion of using a highly-refined variant of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a controversial treatment for schizophrenia, catatonia, and some forms of severe clinical depression in order to stimulate and accelerate learning (the assimilation of knowledge) as well as recall (the ability to rapidly access the assimilated knowledge), and intelligence (the ability to use assimilated knowledge to identify and solve problems -- putting it simply):
BIOTECH REVOLUTION
Mild Electric Shocks Speed Learning
Running a mild electric current through the brain improves learning speed, according to Air Force researchers. The technique was used to teach personnel how to identify drone targets.
READ NOW
---------------
Don't throw away those binaural and subliminal CDs. Keep Your Headphones. Entrainment [the creation of thoughts and emotions by inducing brain wave patterns through external means] will indeed be making a comeback, with improved targeting and precise technology. It is interesting to note that the brain tends to "pick up the rhythm' to certain patterned beats and sounds through an amazing process of mimicry. Whether this is done with headphones or electrodes, the possibilities are exciting, if not just a bit frightening. The ultimate result would be similar to Neo's crash course in, and rapid mastery of various styles of martial arts by immersion in a computer-simulated and controlled environment. Virtual reality is going to be an increasing preoccupation. Whether for education or recreation, the temptation of alternative realms is far too exciting to stay put.


Douglas E. Castle for THE GLOBAL FUTURIST





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